An example of an amine is methylamine. Examples of common ligands include water, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. acid anhydride - An acid anhydride is an oxide that forms an acid when it is reacted with water. enzyme - An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biochemical reaction. Definition of Proteins: ADVERTISEMENTS: Proteins may be defined as the high molecular weight mixed polymers of α-amino acids joined together with peptide linkage (-CO-N H-). mass - Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. quantum theory - Quantum theory is the description of energy levels and the predictions about the behavior of atoms at specific energy levels. Family – A vertical column of elements in the periodic table also known as a group. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate or break apart in water. diffusion - Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. ester - An ester is an organic molecule with a R-CO-OR' function group. 17. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example. An example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl, which dissociates into H+ and Cl- in water. Topics Typically Covered in Grade 11 Chemistry, Weak Acid Definition and Examples in Chemistry, protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College. Technically, you can dissolve gases into liquids or into other gases, too. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the incredible complexity of life. bond length - Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms that share a bond. equilibrium - Equilibrium occurs in reversible reactions when the forward rate of the reaction is the same as the reverse rate of the reaction. Definition of Proteins Biological Importance of Proteins Classification of Proteins Protein Hydrolyzing Enzymes D Important Tests of Proteins Estimation of Proteins; 1. Ionic Compound Names QuizElement Symbol Quiz. For example, you would simply write 300K not 300°K. STP - STP means standard temperature and pressure, which is 273K and 1 atmosphere. resonance structure - Resonance structures are the set of Lewis structures that can be drawn for a molecule when it has delocalized electrons. alkaline earth metal - An alkaline earth metal is an element belonging to Group II of the periodic table. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control. Examples of alkali metals include lithium, sodium, and potassium. addition reaction - An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond. excess reagent - Excess reagent is what you get when there is leftover reagent in a chemical reaction. Missed the LibreFest? More precise measurements are reported with more significant figures. denature - There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. Acids have a pH less than 7. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Kelvin - Kelvin is a unit of temperature. Genetics is a branch of biochemistry that deals with the study of genes, their variations and the heredity characteristics in living organisms. cathode - A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. bond energy - Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break one mole of chemical bonds. In study of Biochemistry, you may be able to understand how cells are formed or what are blood properties . Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. calorimetry - Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. delocalization - Delocalization is when electrons become free to move all over a molecule, such as when double bonds occur on adjacent atoms in a molecule. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology. Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a … allotrope - Allotropes are different forms of a phase of an element. Theoretically, at absolute zero, atoms stop moving. buffer - A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. sublimation - Sublimation is when a solid changes directly into a gas. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. nucleon - A nucleon is a particle in the nucleus of an atom (proton or neutron). It is the lowest possible temperature. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. Add 273.15 to a Celsius temperature to get the Kelvin value. precision - Precision is how repeatable a measurement is. A Kelvin is equal in size to a degree Celsius, although Kelvin starts from absolute zero. rate law - A rate law is a mathematical expression relating the speed of a chemical reaction as a function of concentration. Have questions or comments? synthesis - Synthesis is making a larger molecule from two or more atoms or smaller molecules. Download Biochemistry Dictionary - Definitions and Terms apk 1.0 for Android. effusion - Effusion is when a gas moves through an opening into a low-pressure container (e.g., is drawn by a vacuum). For example, diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. For example, the oxidation number of an oxygen atom is -2. period - A period is a row (left to right) of the periodic table. Chemistry Vocabulary Terms You Should Know. alpha particle - An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus, which contains two protons and two neutrons. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms. unsaturated - There are two common meanings for unsaturated in chemistry. accuracy - Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to its true value. titration - Titration is a procedure in which the concentration of an acid or base is determined by measuring how much base or acid is required to neutralize it. node - A node is a location in an orbital with no probability of containing an electron. dissociation - Dissociation is when a chemical reaction breaks a compound into two or more parts. An example of a common ketone is acetone (dimethyl ketone). Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules—although increasingly processes rather than individual molecules are the main focus. unit cell - A unit cell is the simplest repeating structure of a crystal. The endpoint need not be the same as the equivalence point of a titration. acid - There are several ways to define an acid, but they include any chemical that gives off protons or H+ in water. critical point - The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. ketone - A ketone is a molecule that contains a R-CO-R' functional group. If you are mixing two liquids, the solute is the one that is present in a smaller amount. For example, when SO3- is added to water, it becomes sulfuric acid, H2SO4. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. When making a solution where both substances are in the same phase (e.g., liquid-liquid), the solvent is the largest component of the solution. crystal - A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. For example, the chalcogens or oxygen family consists of some different elements from the nonmetal group. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. A more comprehensive list of chemistry terms can be found in my alphabetical chemistry glossary. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. critical mass - Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction. Biochemistry or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Kelvin is not reported with a ° symbol. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. actual yield - The actual yield is the amount of product you actually obtain from a chemical reaction, as in the amount you can measure or weigh as opposed to a calculated value. Endothermic reactions feel cold. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. BIOCHEMISTRY Terms Definition 3D- Structure Activation energy Active site ADP Allosteric modulation Alpha helix Amino acids Amphipathic molecules Anabolic reaction Anti- parallel strands ATP Base pairing Beta pleated sheet Carbohydrate Catabolic reaction Catalyst . enantiomers - Enantiomers are molecules that are non superimposable mirror images of each other. Aboriginal Spirituality: Key Terms. Chemistry Basics Chemical Laws Molecules Periodic Table Projects & Experiments Scientific Method Biochemistry Physical Chemistry Medical Chemistry Chemistry In Everyday Life Famous Chemists Activities for Kids Abbreviations & … For more details, see our Privacy Policy. For example, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- in water. ligand - A ligand is a molecule or ion stuck to the central atom in a complex. valence electron - The valence electrons are the atom's outermost electrons. Raoult's Law - Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent. double displacement reaction - A double displacement or double replacement reaction is when cations of two compounds switch places. denature - There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. The other branches include Animal and Plant Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Molecular Chemistry, Genetic engineering, Endocrinology, Pharmaceuticals, Neurochemistry, Nutrition, Environmental, Photosynthesis, Toxicology, etc. endpoint - The endpoint is when a titration is stopped, typically because an indicator has changed color. Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. solvent - This is the liquid that dissolves a solute in solution. For example, if an object is exactly a meter long and you measure it as 1.1 meters long, that is more accurate than if you measured it at 1.5 meters long. Look up definitions of common and important organic chemistry terms. chemical equation - A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds. Biochemistry Dictionary - Definitions and Terms
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