Some folk tales involve orangutans mating with and kidnapping humans. [112] The Sumatran orangutan is found only in the northern part of Sumatra, most of the population inhabiting the Leuser Ecosystem. [5]:185, 206, Ken Allen, an orangutan of the San Diego Zoo, became world famous in the 1980s for multiple escapes from his enclosures. [8] The orangutan will use the stick to dig in tree holes for termites. Orangutans prefer fruits with soft pulp, arils or seed-walls surrounding their seeds, as well as trees with large crops. Males, however, enter a stage called sub-adulthood. [16]:64–65 Camper mistakenly thought that flanged and unflanged male orangutans were different species, a misconception corrected after his death. They will rarely descend from the tree tops. Experiments suggest they can track the displacement of objects both visible and hidden. [32] The most frequent orangutan parasites are nematodes of the genus Strongyloides and the ciliate Balantidium coli. When an orangutan reaches the age of one-and-a-half years, its climbing skills improve and it will travel through the canopy holding hands with other orangutans, a behaviour known as "buddy travel". The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is one of the three species of orangutans. They even drank water from the hair on their arms when rainfall was heavy. They have an opposable thumb on their foot which they can use just like a hand to grab onto branches to move through the rainforest. [99] Along with Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey, Galdikas is considered to be one of Leakey's Angels, named after anthropologist Louis Leakey. However, this comes at a risk to the Sumatran orangutan's native behaviors in the wild. Figs fit both preferences and are thus highly favoured, but they also consume drupes and berries. Fruit is the main part of the orangutans diet and makes up about 65 – 90 percent of what they eat. [9] While some communities hunted them for food and decoration, others placed taboos on such practices. The light patches on the face start to disappear, and eventually the face becomes completely dark. The mother will carry the infant while travelling, and feed it and sleep with it in the same night nest. Orangutans are rarely, if ever, found south of the Simpang Kanan River on Sumatra's west side or south of the Asahan River on the east side. They are still young and act with caution around unfamiliar adults, especially males. [70] A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans can use "calculated reciprocity", which involves weighing the costs and benefits of gift exchanges and keeping track of these over time. Females prefer to mate with the fitter flanged males and seek their company for protection. [33] The braincase is elevated relative to the facial area, which is concave and prognathous. The gestation period for the orangutan is about nine months. Orangutans are more solitary creatures than any of the other great apes. For the first few weeks of life the baby hangs onto its mothers stomach and then when it gets older it learns to piggyback on its mother. The evidence suggested the differences were cultural: first, the extent of the differences increased with distance, suggesting cultural diffusion was occurring, and second, the size of the orangutans' cultural repertoire increased according to the amount of social contact present within the group. There is no indication of menopause. Oil companies use a method of deforestation to re-use land for palm oil. There may be distinctive cultures within populations. [63] There is evidence that females with offspring under six years old generally avoid adult males. [48] Adult males are dominant over sub-adult males, the latter of which keep their distance. All three orangutan species are considered critically endangered. They have curved fingers and toes that can help them to grip onto branches better. [105] The ape may have suffered from a skewed species identity and forced copulation is a standard mating strategy for low-ranking male orangutans. Notable orangutan "character actors" include Jacob and Rosa of the Tierpark Hagenbeck in the early 20th century and Jiggs of the San Diego Zoo in the 1930s and 1940s. While some communities hunted them for food and decoration, others placed taboos on such practices. These orangutans have reached full sexual and social maturity and now only travel alone. It will also eat bird eggs and small vertebrates. Pongo tapanuliensis Two strategies that are recently being considered to conserve this species are 1) rehabilitation and reintroduction of ex-captive or displaced individuals and 2) the protection of their forest habitat by preventing threats such as deforestation and hunting. Both the Sumatran and Bornean orangutans are likely to live several decades; estimated longevity is more than 50 years. The lowland forests are where they like to live because there is a lot of fruit there. Orangutans don’t have to leave the trees to be able to drink because they get water that has collected in the holes in the trees. The World Wide Fund for Nature is thus carrying out attempts to protect the species by allowing them to reproduce in the safe environment of captivity. She is remembered for her meeting with Charles Darwin who compared her reactions to those of a human child. Scientific Name: Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean) Pongo abelii (Sumatran). The orangutans of Suaq Balimbing were found to be avid users of insect and seed-extraction tools when compared to other wild orangutans. [2] The locals originally used the name to refer to actual forest-dwelling people.
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