T/F Toponym is a branch of onomastics. �˺W�8���!����F��5E��c���FB Oh no! *��+\�t�}JU��Q�d�u��2� �'Q.�|H`���TE;[Cw�d��R�㡢� HN;5��2}N�4) O�O�\��4[A)+w�2���o�Ed�����̐K*�Vf�M:�䕕�e+�4�k��W��&� G�}M�#�(�ZVm4R�g�U��� �m�|��۞�%��zi [ޫ[�'���1樖w� Y���&�V�%Ԅh*�˧�hn�)����+&-{]��KytT/��UATQU;/aۨ�Ͷ�pV%g���B�v�dcKCs�O����?���lpz��a~}�:*z͈ elevation. Since then, toponym has come to replace the term place-name in professional discourse among geographers. How to use topographical in a sentence. Upon inspection, a user can determine the directions which creeks flow, the depth of a water course, how likely a gully is to contain water, and so on. In a more restricted sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponomastics. [4] Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. Don't show this … 2009. 32 0 obj <> endobj %PDF-1.4 %���� 2009. This page was last edited on 7 November 2020, at 09:07. T/F Migration often significantly affects the population pyramids of both origin and destination. A toponymist, through well-established local principles and procedures developed in cooperation and consultation with the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), applies the science of toponymy to establish officially recognized geographical names. �")�Tf���`�n�^� H��U�s�@~��GȄ�p���Xkڠ#��3&ӱ��T9H��x���0�ʹӇ��������b3X�;a\� �4����>�;���V�su�&X��6#���4lJ(�N%P�v�Լ���o�.q�K��b8�b��P�f������ԼM>�����D � Recent Examples on the Web The resulting works feature snaking networks of lines and abysses that call to mind topographical maps, such as those for the relatively unexplored surfaces of moons and planets, and the vast mysteries concealed along the ocean floors. It is not to be confused with, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom, List of generic forms in British place names, List of English exonyms for German toponyms, List of French exonyms for Dutch toponyms, List of French exonyms for German toponyms, List of French exonyms for Italian toponyms, List of U.S. place names connected to Sweden, Names of European cities in different languages, List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations, List of places named for their main products, List of political entities named after people, List of renamed places in the United States, List of geographic acronyms and initialisms. H��V{. Some maps are so common that a child would recognize them, while others are used only by professionals in specialized fields. [citation needed]. m��j}��� Clicking anywhere within a quandrant will display an info window with the map name, as well as links to download the map to your computer, or order a waterproof printed map. There’s a lot more to topographic maps than first meets the eye. distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level) base. endstream endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream "[32], Toponyms not only illustrate ethnic settlement patterns, but they can also help identify discrete periods of immigration.[33][34]. renaming streets, as both the celebration of triumph and the repudiation of the old regime is another issue of toponymy. The map now contains brown squares outlining nearby US Topo Map quadrants. A toponymist relies not only on maps and local histories, but interviews with local residents to determine names with established local usage. q/B�+�px�NM�k��SXR0��6´1�s����}�#����k#6~ 0 =�� In his Names on the Globe, George R. Stewart theorizes that Hellespont originally meant something like 'narrow Pontus' or 'entrance to Pontus', Pontus being an ancient name for the region around the Black Sea, and by extension, for the sea itself. zqUt endstream endobj 36 0 obj <>stream [7], According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word toponymy first appeared in English in 1876. 0 In 1954, F. M. Powicke said of place-name study that it "uses, enriches and tests the discoveries of archaeology and history and the rules of the philologists. 2007. The exact application of a toponym, its specific language, its pronunciation, and its origins and meaning are all important facts to be recorded during name surveys. United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972, United Nations Dept. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. endstream endobj startxref Toponymists are responsible for the active preservation of their region's culture through its toponymy. ��p`\@ ��v��:C�C��(���/�J�j�qRKL�p���Ό� Toponyms can be divided in two principal groups: Various types of geographical toponyms (geonyms) include, in alphabetical order: Various types of cosmographical toponyms (cosmonyms) include: It can be argued that the first toponymists were the storytellers and poets who explained the origin of specific place names as part of their tales; sometimes place-names served as the basis for their etiological legends. Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw? endstream endobj 37 0 obj <>stream Over the years, it has also been noted that a map producer used the name Persian Gulf in a 1977 map of Iran while retaining the fictitious term Arabian Gulf in another 1977 map focusing on the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, underlying the occasional spilling of place names issues into the economic sphere. Hercus, Luise, Flavia Hodges, and Jane Simpson. ". h�b```f``�a`b`��a`@ �3G�j��LFy�Ο��4��A�Q���.\�Ӭ�4+s�E�@�1E0�[r��#�\&�0/���@�����0�� �3� ̋Y [citation needed]. a map that uses contour lines to show the slope and elevation of the land. "When 'what' is 'where': A linguistic analysis of landscape terms, place names and body part terms in Marquesan (Oceanic, French Polynesia). [39], Frictions sometimes arise between countries because of toponymy, as illustrated by the Macedonia naming dispute in which Greece has claimed the name Macedonia, the Sea of Japan naming dispute between Japan and Korea, as well as the Persian Gulf naming dispute. Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? [citation needed] They typically ensure the ongoing development of a geographical names database and associated publications, for recording and disseminating authoritative hard-copy and digital toponymic data. Scholars have found that toponyms provide valuable insight into the historical geography of a particular region. profile. Fragment from topographic map 1:200,000 from 1916 -Zlatibor is regional name and it touches Cigota oronym ... (oronym) but as the name of region (horonym). 47 0 obj <>stream [1][2][3] In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics. [40], Branch of onomastics, study of place names, This article is about the study of place names. topographic map. The process of folk etymology usually took over, whereby a false meaning was extracted from a name based on its structure or sounds. ����aO�a�'�Y�,���r�\�2��E���X!��3�]�H�;�\�?uu�OΪ�9��s�ɼ� Z�? ��:dI5/�*�[�h�ng,��+ Cablitz, Gabriele H. 2008. This nationalization of place names can also manifest itself in a postcolonial context. For a discussion of the origins of place names themselves, see, "Toponymics" redirects here. [36] Similarly, the revisionist practice of The field of geography relies on many different types of maps in order to study the features of the earth. [5] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist. ", Hargitai, Henrik I., Hugh S. Greqorv, Jan Osburq, and Dennis Hands. Topographical definition is - topographic. This data may be disseminated in a wide variety of formats, including hard-copy topographic maps as well as digital formats such as geographic information systems and Google Maps. �1%�W��6`�s`y �,�Zs����i�b��c='�7"�HG�c��+m�g�$x�-=��������v�vq���]M��s|���_/�?0 �E name, geographical Name applied to a geographic or topographic feature or object; an alternative term for → place name or → toponym. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature,[6] and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. T/F Oronym focuses on topographic names. After 1830, in the wake of the Greek War of Independence and the establishment of an independent Greek state, Turkish, Slavic and Italian place names were Hellenized, as an effort of "toponymic cleansing." Consistency and accuracy are essential in referring to a place to prevent confusion in everyday business and recreation. ���nS6?�I�����}�������. Therefore, the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names recommends that it be avoided and that national authorities should set their own guidelines as to the time required after a person's death for the use of a commemorative name.
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