Instructions for using Copyright Clearance Center page for details. In contrast, a portion of the holes generated on TiO2 photocatalysts reacts directly with benzene molecules, which are adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 by strong interaction with surface hydroxyl groups. * In contrast, the oxygen radical species, such as ˙O2− or ˙HO2, generated on TiO2 photocatalysts partially contributed to the successive oxidation of phenol and other intermediates to reduce the selectivity for phenol. E-mail: Phenols are weak acids and generally form phenoxide ions by losing one positive hydrogen ion (H +) from the hydroxyl group. Authors contributing to RSC publications (journal articles, books or book chapters) This direct oxidation of substances by holes undoubtedly enhanced non-selective oxidation, consequently lowering the selectivity for phenol by TiO2. Phenol is also used to make a range of thermosetting polymers (resins). Earlier, phenol was primarily synthesized from coal tar. do not need to formally request permission to reproduce material contained in this ryu-abe@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp Particles of tungsten oxide loaded with nanoparticulate platinum (Pt/WO3) photocatalytically produced phenol from benzene with high selectivity (e.g., 74% at 69% of benzene conversion) in water containing molecular O2; the selectivity for phenol was much higher than that on conventional titanium oxide (TiO2) photocatalysts (both the unmodified and Pt-loaded) that generated CO2 as a main product. If you are the author of this article you still need to obtain permission to reproduce with the reproduced material. Fetching data from CrossRef. You can also make small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. More importantly, the reactions using 18O-labeled O2 and H2O clearly revealed that the holes generated on Pt/WO3 react primarily with H2O molecules, even in the presence of benzene in aqueous solution, selectively generating ˙OH radicals that subsequently react with benzene to produce phenol. This may take some time to load. Fax: +81 75383 2479 formally request permission using Copyright Clearance Center. You can produce phenols in large amounts by the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid, by a process known as Dow process, and by the air oxidation of cumene. to access the full features of the site or access our, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, JSPS-NEXT Program, Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan, Instructions for using Copyright Clearance Center page. Figure 1 Uses of phenol. According to consultants Nexant ChemSystems, it involves the co-oxidation of cumene and sec-butylbenzene, which is made via alkylation of benzene with n-butenes. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Each of these methods is described below. ohtani@cat.hokudai.ac.jp Please enable JavaScript Benzene can be converted into phenol in two following steps: Step 1: When benzene undergoes chlorination in presence of sunlight , ChloroBenzene is formed. More than 99% of phenol produced worldwide is from synthetic processes. Tel: +81 75383 2479, b For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals and books: For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals. Step 2: When thus obtained chlorobenzene is treated with aq. JSPS-NEXT Program, Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan. In 1924, Dow Chemical started to commercialize synthetic phenol based on the direct chlorination of benzene to chlorobenzene, but later a different variation of this process was developed based on the oxychlorination of benzene with … article provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material. Data for 2012, estimated from American Chemical Society, 2015 Among the other uses of phenol is the prod… Tel: +81 11706 9132, c In all cases the Ref. Go to our It reacts with methanal in the presence of a catalyst to form phenol-methanal resins. If you are not the author of this article and you wish to reproduce material from Reproduced material should be attributed as follows: If the material has been adapted instead of reproduced from the original RSC publication XX is the XXth reference in the list of references. Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan Phenol is also catalytically reduced to cyclohexanol, which is used in the manufacture of polyamides6 and 6,6. The process has the potential to change the acetone/MEK ratio within reasonable limits to meet varying market … Shell Chemical has developed a phenol process which coproduces both acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). If you are the author of this article you do not need to formally request permission "Reproduced from" can be substituted with "Adapted from". Results confirmed that photoexcited electrons on the Pt/WO3 photocatalysts mainly generated H2O2 from molecular O2 through a two-electron reduction; the H2O2 generated did not significantly contribute to the undesirable peroxidation of the phenol produced. contained in this article in third party publications The first synthetic phenol was produced by sulfonation of benzene and hydrolysis of the sulfonate.
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