Sangam literature is the name given to the earliest available Tamil literature. Read the table below to get those facts: There are a few topics important from ancient Indian history perspective, which are linked in the table below: Your email address will not be published. Ezhuttadikaram, Solladikaram and Poruladikaram, and each of them are composed of nine chapters. The poems have also been classified on nature themes which are known as Thinai. Human experiences such as heroism, customs, social life, ethics, philanthropy, etc. +JB���9���ϛɅ��&�}����ʺ������וu?��oS��noW?�| Several poems composed during this period have been passed on from generation to generation through memorizing and chanting and later through manuscripts written on palmyara leaves. The Sangam work Ahananuru written by the poet Mamulanar mentions Nandas’ wealth.
The compositions of the third Sangam are classified into eight anthologies known as Ettuttokoi/Ettuthokai and ten idylls known as Pattuppattu. The Sangam period literature covers wide aspects of the people’s life, such as epics, ethics, social life, and religion. (2) kuRun^thokai குறுந்தொகை (400) - Collection of Short Poems (ahaval metre) in-unicode - pdf (3) n^aRRiNai நற்றிணை (399) - Excellent Love Settings (ahaval metre) - unicode (4) kalit thokai கலித்தொகை (150) - the Anthology in the Kali Metre-unicode - pdf (5) akan^AnURu அகநானூறு (400) - The Four Hundred Poems On Love (ahaval met The topics of Puram are related to human experiences and emotions such as Heroism, Valor, Ethics and Philanthropy.
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The name literally means the tale of an anklet. The three chief Tamil kingdoms of Sangam Period - the Cheras, the Cholas and the Pandyas embraced Sangam Literature. GK, General Studies, Optional notes for UPSC, IAS, Banking, Civil Services. endobj
There are important facts stated in Tamil Nadu state board books of class 11th & 12th which aspirants sometimes miss. endobj
Sangam writings are possibly unique in early Indian literature, which is almost entirely religious.The poems are concerned with two main topics: those of the first five collections are on love (akam), and those of the next two are on heroism (puram), including the praise of kings and their deeds.Paripatal, the eighth collection, contains poems of both types. The Ancient Tamil Siddhar Agastyar is traditionally believed to have chaired the first Tamil Sangam in Madurai. Who is the primary deity of the Sangam period? Here, it implies an association of Tamil poets that flourished in ancient southern India. They printed and published different works such as Tholkappiyam, Nachinarkiniyar urai, Tholkappiyam Senavariyar urai, Manimekalai, Cilappatikaram, Pattupattu, and Purananuru in different parts of the 19th century, all with commentaries.
Author Ilango Adikal is supposed to be an ascetic-prince and the younger brother of Cheran king Senguttuvan.
It discusses epics, love, and polity and governance. The author’s aim was to propagate Buddhism in South India as the work espouses the values of Buddhism over other religions of the time. The scientific analysis of the Sangam literature says that this work was composed in 120-150 years and most of the literature was composed from 100 AD to 250 AD. This work has divided the Tamil Language into two types’ viz. It is a story of ‘human proportions’, of human love and passion, jealousies, infidelity, charity and forgiveness. It is dated between 400 BCE and 300 CE, although most of the work is believed to have been composed between 100 CE and 250 CE. It has been translated into many languages including foreign languages. The other four epics are, © Copyright 2009-2019 GKToday | All Rights Reserved, Important Days & Events in Current Affairs, Oldest Extant work on Grammar Tolkāppiyam, Oldest conceptual work on Grammar Agattiyam. This is entire different from what has been mentioned in the Iraiyanar Akapporul and Sangam legend.
Sentamil (Classical Tamil) and Kotuntamil (Spoken Tamil). Influence of Sanskrit is more on the five epics of Tamil Literature, which were written between 1st century AD to 9th century AD. Most works of Pattuppāttu are of Puram context and they have works on seasons and picturesque nature of Tamil Country. There are 2289 poems available under Sangam Literature now; many of them are very short having only 3-5 verses. <>>>
In total, there are about 2300 poems that are attributable to 473 poets. %PDF-1.5
The Tamil Scholars S V Damodaram Pillai and U V Swamitha Iyer brought it into light.
puram of Sangam literary tradition. Composed by Chithalai Chathanar, also spelt Sattanar. The first consciously ‘national’ work of Tamil literature.
Tolkāppiyam is a work of Tamil Grammar, which is said to be the earliest extant work of Tamil Literature. The scientific analysis of the Sangam literature says that this work was composed in 120-150 years and most of the literature was composed from 100 AD to 250 AD. Sentamil is used in almost all literary works of the Tamil Language. %����
The number of poets estimated is 473. Under the patronage of famous south Indian kingdom known as Pandyas. The word ‘Sangam’ literally means association. Out of them, the Patinenmēlkanakku refers to the oldest surviving Tamil Poetry of the Sangam Age, dating back to 200 BC to 100 BC while the Patinenkīlkanakku refers to the collection of 18 poetic works, which belongs to Post Sangam period, and date back to 100 AD to 500 AD. Out of them Silappatikaram, which was written by Ilango Adigal, brother of Senguvattan, a Chera King and who was a Jain monk is a highly regarded epic. They are based upon the themes of the nature. These works, which are called “The Eight Anthologies”, are on deferent themes such as Narrinai on love, Kuruntokai on love, Aiankurunuru on erotic love etc. x��X[o�:~/���GhT]�P�ݤ�m�=h\��z����%A�����w.�.q��Er87�|3����˗�?�7_-��Қ}�[�����=�s�4��?x���mk�_k�����u�cnY�@�a��� The chief sources of information for this age are archaeological sources, literary sources and foreign accounts. Works composed between 200 BCE to 100 BCE, Mostly composed before the age of the Pallavas. Sanskrit influence on this work is peripheral and very little. The three chief Tamil kingdoms of this period were the Cheras, the Cholas and the Pandyas. There are three books in Tolkāppiyam viz. On the basis of interpretation and context, the Sangam literature can be described into two types viz. <>
The Aryans had penetrated the whole of the Tamil Land by 6th century AD and Post Sangam literature contains some traces of Aryan Culture. 1 0 obj
Offers information on social life, human psychology, political and economic conditions during the Sangam Age.
Rishi Agastya wrote it. Only the works of the third Sangam survives. The stage for the tale was three Tamil kingdoms – Chola, Pandya and Chera. As per the Tamil traditions, Rishi Agasyta invented the Tamil Language and brought its syntax from the lord Shiva. endobj
This period lasted from 200 to 600 CE. To know the political history of the Sangam Period, aspirants can follow the linked article. The topics of Agam are related to personal and human aspects such as love and sexual things.
The themes are as follows: The literature was lost and forgotten. <>
The work is divided into three sections, each section further divided into nine chapters. However, the first work on Tamil Grammar, which is not extant and is lost irretrievably, is Agattiyam. 2 0 obj
Sangam Literature is the earliest available Tamil literature.
A chief character is Kannagi, who seeks revenge on the Pandya kingdom for her husband who was wrongly put to death. Required fields are marked *. Books on Sangam Literature _ Sangam Tamil Literature.pdf - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Under whose patronage did the Sangam flourish? Seyon or Murugan is told to be the chief deity. This classification has been further summarized as follows: This is the collection of the Sangam Period works. Sangam Literature - சான்றோர் செய்யுள் Ancient commentators referred to Sangam literature as சான்றோர் செய்யுள், the verses of the wise. Other important works are Palamoli (by Munrurai Araiyar) and Acharakkovai (contains a description of the daily life of an orthodox Hindu, shows the influence of the Sanskrit Shastras).
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