>> Monoethylene glycol (MEG) accounts for more than 90% of the market for EG. << endobj Ethylene glycol used to be manufactured by the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide (EO) which was produced via ethylene chlorohydrin but this method has been superseded by a direct oxidation route. endobj >> 46 0 obj >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 764 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null null null] 80 0 obj 17 0 obj >> >> endobj endobj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 231 null] << >> << >> endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 256 null] >> >> << >> On the catalyst side, incremental advances in HS catalyst development led to initial selectivities of 90% or more, and greater stability. 78 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 256 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 307 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 294 null] << Over time, both process and catalyst improvements extended the life and selectivity of HS catalysts. 3 0 obj endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 269 null] (HS) catalysts 71 0 obj 23 0 obj endobj �-hd�nosz�=�U �� �,�N���%��KV'��o����A�N' ތ`�9%����Y�Up��;#��{ѐ�dIr�w�h��m�B�w_�}�����mJ|�:f/�QBQ4U]�Ć� �H�k��/�gI-�f�������t�z�O�����٣�3�����1��!��)Qj�zU�U�[���/����$.� /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 307 null] The introduction of high-selectivity /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 332 null] There were those in the industry who believed that EO catalyst advances had reached the theoretical limits of what was achievable. In 1986, Shell made a discovery in EO catalyst technology that significantly changed the industry. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] 25 0 obj endobj >> 79 0 obj >> << 2 0 obj << • Light ends (LE) removal with optional EO purification << >> >> 75 0 obj All Rights Reserved. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 375 null] >> It can be…, This column is based on “Bio-Butanediol Production from Glucose,” a report published by Intratec. Shell Global Solutions 3 ENHANCEMENTS IN ETHYLENE OXIDE/ ETHYLENE GLYCOL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY Han van Milligen, Ethylene Oxide Licensing Business Manager, Shell Global Solutions International BV, Brian VanderWilp, Business Director, Americas, Ethylene Oxide Catalysts, CRI Catalyst Company, and Gary J. >> In this two-step process, most of the MEG forms in an EO-free environment, which minimises the co-production of heavier glycols and results in a MEG yield of more than 99%. endobj 51 0 obj Then, in 1971, Shell identified an improvement to the catalyst formulation that helped to boost catalyst selectivity to over 80%. << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 244 null] >> HP catalysts are characterised by a high initial selectivity (comparable to that of HS catalysts), but with a significantly slower performance decline (see Figure 1). >> << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null null null] 7 0 obj According to recent reports, it is predicted that ethylene glycol will become one of the star products that lead the development of global chemical industry. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] 20 0 obj The impact of this selectivity increase was huge, as it could save customers millions of dollars in ethylene feedstock costs. • CO2 removal Ethylene oxide (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG) are widely used industrial organic intermediates. 35 0 obj endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] << endobj 55 0 obj >> << Diethylene << << endobj >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] . Consequently, by the turn of the century, new plants were benefiting from excellent selectivity and achieving a catalyst life of three years or more. 16 0 obj 68 0 obj The EO/EG manufacturing process In the reaction section, EO is produced by catalysed, direct partial oxidation of ethylene. endobj 56 0 obj (HP) catalysts /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 231 null] >> Decrease SizeIncrease Size 70 0 obj >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 244 null] endobj /Length 6772 >> >> >> << Ethylene glycol is commonly used as automotive antifreeze and as an ingredient in hydraulic fluids, printing inks, and paint solvents. >> >> endobj 43 0 obj However, these benefits came with a compromise: increased capital costs. 50 0 obj endobj Han van Milligen, Shell Global Solutions /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 332 null] CRI Catalyst Company (CRI), the global catalyst technology company of the Shell Group and part of CRI/Criterion, Inc., developed a fundamental understanding of the catalyst aging process through focused research and development. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 344 null] 15 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 740 null] One of the most important measures of an EO catalyst’s performance is its selectivity, which is the ratio of ethylene converted to EO to the total amount of ethylene reacted. PDF. endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 153 null] endobj endobj %���� << >> endobj >> This process typically yields about 90–92% monoethylene glycol (MEG) and 8–10% heavier glycol products, mainly diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). As per Technavio, the introduction of novel production technology for ethylene glycol, will have a positive impact on the market and contribute to its growth significantly over the forecast period. 64 0 obj 37 0 obj 22 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] • Glycol reaction and recovery endobj endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 194 null] 62 0 obj >> endobj >> endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 344 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 359 null] endobj >> endobj << 66 0 obj >> Additionally, a portion of the ethylene fully oxidises to form CO2 and water. 77 0 obj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 470 null] This discovery increased initial selectivity values by more than six percentage points to give start-of-cycle selectivity values of 86% or greater. >> endobj 44 0 obj << << >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 244 null] 59 0 obj << endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 458 null] HS catalysts had a life approximately half this. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 182 null] endobj endobj >> endobj 47 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 359 null] 41 0 obj >> The resultant water–glycol mixture from the reactor is then fed to multiple evaporators where the excess water is recovered and largely recycled. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 359 null] endobj 45 0 obj Although HS catalysts provided great value with this selectivity boost, their activity and stability were lower compared with traditional catalysts, so they had to be changed out more frequently. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 685 null] endobj 26 0 obj endobj It can be found…, This column is based on “Titanium Dioxide Production Process – Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. var CurrentYear = new Date().getFullYear() /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 332 null] • Glycol purification. endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 482 null] << Certain articles contain the author's personal recommendations only. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 244 null] These EO catalysts are characterised by several performance factors, including selectivity, activity, productivity and stability. Figure 2 shows a basic overview of the EO/EG process, which includes the following major sections: endobj Background and early history of EO catalysts It is also used as a… >> endobj In addition, the HP catalyst family proved able to operate at significantly higher work rates and to be tolerant of higher CO2 concentrations. 83 0 obj >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 96 null] 5 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 169 null] The markets for ethylene oxide (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG) continue to see attractive growth. Click here for more information. endobj H��Wٮ��}7p��_��%��Ι'�̵� l9 灖�%�D��k��S�T7I]�����U��~�=��ӛ�X3[>����$��7/b[���q�����U�J�~�fuzx%q���\G�0y~x�����AFep�¨Z�a�&��:��qh�s�$Xc��F�P��*���W�X:�uQ�&�_���c8�NV�d�Ee�I9h�Aլp�[�`�t���}�#���ǰ��Š���)H�3�)��K�j'��Sh����߇i�5�`d�s���B[��-M���Aڤ�MMie�Rm���-p`�$�W���|2뢀*R��S�����v�#���Pٸ��K9��h�,�p� n_��^���������0-�7�pa/$s�lJ�� ���~y�ca�'ɹSf�a��g�A� �J�Y�A��Qot�-�3�\��Tz�S�~��MoCN�$3�V.w��hK�?����z3-U3���i��N'�>�{ر7�����a*y�Q>�i�AyX����Ik�Хɣ��Տ����Jƀ� �D�"����4j���G:qߛzDa�1a�{�o��rL��I��q��J����=���L����mu���Iܔw�?��r+#�G�-�$7U��e� �U���z�?��DB�o[�� >> As the size of the new world-scale EO production plants increased, the associated reactors became a significant capital (equipment) cost. << << endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 281 null] << 19 0 obj Producing EO over a catalyst is the first step in the overall EO/EG manufacturing process. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 525 null] >> << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 269 null] << endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 319 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 281 null] The plant has the operating flexibility to produce a range of products depending on the alcohol feedstock and operating variables. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 194 null] << Ethylene Glycols Technology Robert Fulton Dye 3011 Fairway Drive, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA Abstract−Ethylene glycol (EG) or monoethylene glycol (MEG), the adduct of ethylene oxide (EO) and water, is the simplest glycol. endobj Since then, however, there has been an incredible journey of continuous improvement for EO catalyst performance, including substantial increases in catalyst selectivity, stability and productivity. /Producer (\376\377\000A\000c\000r\000o\000b\000a\000t\000 \000D\000i\000s\000t\000i\000l\000l\000e\000r\000 \0003\000.\0000\0001\000 \000f\000o\000r\000 \000W\000i\000n\000d\000o\000w\000s) The introduction of high-performance /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 294 null] << 11 0 obj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 307 null] << >> We review these aspects in this paper, beginning with a look at the innovations and technological achievements that got the industry to where it is today. endobj endobj endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 206 null] 40 0 obj >> >> endobj << 34 0 obj << 54 0 obj << /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 219 null] The proportion of the higher glycols is limited by using excess water to minimise the reaction between the EO and glycols. 14 0 obj >> endobj /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 344 null] /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 136 null] << Print >> It is the first of a homologous series of three dihydroxy alcohols discussed in this article. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 231 null] (Jimmy) Wells, CRI Catalyst Company. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 281 null] << Copyright © 28 0 obj 84 0 obj 13 0 obj endobj << >> /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 294 null] >> These performance characteristics provided valuable opportunities for cost-saving changes to the process design. EO is recovered from the reactor product gas by absorption in water. /D [1 0 R /XYZ null 385 null] << Comment Larger reactors were necessary to compensate for the lower catalyst work rate and larger CO2 removal units were installed to achieve low inlet CO2 concentrations, both of which resulted in increased capital requirements. 61 0 obj 32 0 obj These reactions take place in an isothermal (tubular) reactor at temperatures of 230–270°C. endobj endobj >> << >> endobj >> 48 0 obj >> << /Filter /FlateDecode << VwQ�g�ŧy���$� �يG%�?���.��-�^y�j#j3G���}��w��x�=�`ڿ�y�~��1�7�,��&8]\��~9�u"���$^F�$��l0]t^2��u��lZ��B'�!cS��'��F5$���^y�ry�zmՌNO���ѱH��w@��BQ� �wiq�k�B:n�� �sl�~)&P�;� 8�w���v6=֖�L���Zs\����d��F�?��� �h��5rV�G�S��tȢ�Q�!�I�eXWŶ|j�u�A�-e �0�61S e���5z����E�@.��v/^3�o��[m%f$H�I�:�:ט���륉`]"X��6.�`�L�Xou�P~�)��@�5�t��2h)�S��2�u܅�P���3h�X9�ٚڜ ����X;2��A���f��q��l��R���$-���s����ۂ�~�2�����G���mE�{�!I endobj /CreationDate (D:191011007151120) endobj << Crambeth Allen Publishing Ltd, Instrumentation, Automation and Process Control. It can be found…, This column is based on “Acrylonitrile Production from Propylene,” a report published by Intratec. Traditional EO catalysts were changed out after three to four years of service. >> endobj << /Creator (FrameMaker 5.5.3L15a) 57 0 obj Most notably, the new designs were based on lower volumetric production rates (referred to as the catalyst work rate) and lower reactor inlet carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.
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